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Aims
To examine smoking prevalence, motivation and attempts to stop smoking, markers of cigarette addiction and success in quit attempts of people living in social housing in England compared with other housing tenures.
Design and setting
A large cross‐sectional survey of a representative sample of the English population conducted between January 2015 and October 2017.
Participants
A total of...
Background and aims
Intranasal (i.n.) naloxone is an established treatment for opioid overdose. Anyone likely to witness an overdose should have access to the antidote. We aimed to determine whether an i.n. formulation delivering 1.4 mg naloxone hydrochloride would achieve systemic exposure comparable to that of 0.8 mg intramuscular (i.m.) naloxone.
Design
Open, randomized four‐way cross‐over trial...
Background and aim
It is useful, for theoretical and practical reasons, to be able to specify functions for continuous abstinence over time in smoking cessation attempts. This study aimed to find the best‐fitting models of mean proportion abstinent with different smoking cessation pharmacotherapies up to 52 weeks from the quit date.
Methods
We searched the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews...
Background and Aims
Youth aged 15–17 years are at high risk of tobacco, alcohol and drug use. Given the changing landscape with respect to availability, use of emerging products and regulatory environments, we examined patterns and correlates of polysubstance use among US youth aged 15–17 years.
Design
Cross‐sectional self‐reported data.
Setting
United States.
Participants
A total of 6127 US...
Background and Aims
Most e‐cigarette users who also smoke combustible cigarettes (dual users) begin vaping to quit smoking, yet only a subset succeeds. We hypothesized that reinforcing characteristics of e‐cigarettes (vaping reinforcement) would positively predict smoking cessation propensity (SCP) among dual users.
Design
Secondary analysis of cross‐sectional baseline data from dual users in an...
Aims
To estimate the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and related risk factors in people in opioid agonist treatment (OAT), to compare airflow limitation severity and age‐specific COPD prevalence rates with those in the general population, and to assess the OAT patients’ willingness to adopt life‐style changes and to use therapeutic offers for COPD management.
Design
Cross‐sectional...
Background and aims
Mortality from alcohol‐attributable causes is patterned by income. We study the income trajectories 17–19 years prior to death in order to determine: (1) whether income levels and trajectories differ between those who die of alcohol‐attributable causes, survivors with similar socio‐demographic characteristics, all survivors and those dying of other causes; (2) whether the income...
Background and aims
People with blunted stress reactivity have poor impulse control and also show increased risk for alcoholism. Exposure to early life adversity (ELA) contributes to blunted reactivity, but individual differences in susceptibility to ELA are not well understood. This study aimed to determine whether exposure to ELA has a greater impact on stress reactivity in young adults with a...
Background and aims
Young Russians have been drinking less alcohol, and fewer strong spirits in particular, in recent years. This study aimed to disentangle age, period and birth cohort effects for the first time in Russia to improve our understanding of these trends.
Design
Age, period and cohort analysis of annual nationally representative repeated cross‐sectional surveys [Russian Longitudinal...
Background and Aims
Geographic differences in rates of alcohol use disorder suggest that environmental factors and gene–environment interactions are likely to play an important role in its genesis. We aimed to examine whether living in a community with more alcohol outlets would facilitate the expression of the genetic propensity to develop alcohol problems.
Design
Cross‐sectional twin/sibling...
Background and aims
E‐cigarettes (EC) and nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) are less harmful than smoking, but misperceptions of relative harm are common. Aims were to (1) assess nicotine knowledge and perceptions of: harm of EC and NRT relative to smoking, addictiveness of EC relative to smoking, and change in harm to user if smoking replaced with EC; (2) define associations of these perceptions...
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